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AbstractOceanography is by nature a global science, and thus requires a global trained workforce. Yet in many coastal nations, the number of trained professionals working in ocean science fields is lacking. Global Ocean Corps and Conveyor (GOCC), an endorsed capacity development programme of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, aims to increase the geographical and cultural diversity of the ocean science workforce through facilitating and building sustained long-term education and research collaborations between scientists around the globe. Based upon our collective experience with schools and workshops held in Ghana, Malaysia, University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center, and elsewhere, we are confident that a well-funded Ocean Corps would inspire large numbers of scientists, especially early-career scientists, into its ranks, thus molding many of them into champions for international capacity development for the remainder of their careers, and fostering truly global ocean science collaborations worldwide. 

Abstract Since the last glacial period, North America has experienced dramatic changes in regional climate, including the collapse of ice sheets and changes in precipitation. We use clumped isotope (∆₄₇) thermometry and carbonate δ¹⁸O measurements of glacial and deglacial pedogenic carbonates from the Palouse Loess to provide constraints on hydroclimate changes in the Pacific Northwest. We also employ analysis of climate model simulations to help us further provide constraints on the hydroclimate changes in the Pacific Northwest. The coldest clumped isotope soil temperaturesT(₄₇) (13.5 ± 1.9°C to 17.1 ± 1.7°C) occurred ∼34,000–23,000 years ago. Using a soil‐to‐air temperature transfer function, we estimate Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) mean annual air temperatures of ∼−5.5°C and warmest average monthly temperatures (i.e., mean summer air temperatures) of ∼4.4°C. These data indicate a regional warming of 16.4 ± 2.6°C from the LGM to the modern temperatures of 10.9°C, which was about 2.5–3 times the global average. Proxy data provide locality constraints on the boundary of the cooler anticyclone induced by LGM ice sheets, and the warmer cyclone in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Climate model analysis suggests regional amplification of temperature anomalies is due to the proximal location of the study area to the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin and the impact of the glacial anticyclone on the region, as well as local albedo. Isotope‐enabled model experiments indicate variations in water δ¹⁸O largely reflect atmospheric circulation changes and enhanced rainout upstream that brings more depleted vapor to the region during the LGM.